Stages of Prenantal Development Essay Example

Phases of Prenantal Development Paper The perplexing subtleties of life start with a solitary cell that forms into a full term baby inside roughly 38-40 weeks. The pre-birth advancement stages plot the development of the kid and give a more clear image of the improvement of the youngster in the belly. The course of this pre-birth improvement is separated into three fundamental periods:â germinal, undeveloped, and fetal. The germinal/origination stage starts with origination, happens inside the initial fourteen days. This excursion starts when the sperm and egg cell join in one of the two fallopian tubes. The treated egg, known as a zygote, at that point pushes toward the uterus, an excursion that can take as long as seven days to finish. Cell division beginsâ and proceeds quickly framing a blastocyst. At last, the blastocyst shows up at the uterus and joined to the uterine divider, a procedure known as implantation. The origination stage is fundamentally the preliminary and primer procedure of pre-birth improvement that prepares and readies the body for the looming pregnancy. When implantation has happen the blastocyst is forms into an incipient organism. This subsequent stage, theâ embryonic periodâ occurs 2 two months after origination. This is alluded as the most significant phase of pre-birth devllopment as the central improvement of the undeveloped organism starts here. During this period, the pace of cell division expands, emotionally supportive networks for the phones structure, and organs show up. The mass of cells joined to the uterine divider structures two layers and is currently called the incipient organism. Theâ inner layer of cells of the undeveloped organism is the endodermâ which forms into stomach related and respiratory frameworks. We will compose a custom article test on Stages of Prenantal Development explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Stages of Prenantal Development explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Stages of Prenantal Development explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Theâ ectoderm which is the external layer of cells will turn into the sensory system and tactile receptors, for example, ears, nose, and eyes, and skin. The center layer known as theâ mesoderm will form into the circulatory framework, bones, muscle, excretory framework, and regenerative framework. By the eighth week teeth and digestion tracts start the structure too. From the eleventh week onwards, the kid is known as an embryo, and this stage is the remainder of the pre-birth improvement course of events. This stage comes full circle in the introduction of the youngster. Improvement of the baby proceeds quickly all through the majority of this period. The embryo creates hair, nails, vocal lines, privates, solidified bones, and a working liver and kidneys. By about the twentieth week fat beginnings amassing under the skin, the heart begins siphoning more measures of blood every day, and the infant likewise begins encountering hiccups. The pace of advancement proceeds gradually as other body frameworks, for example, tendons, cerebrum and eyes keep creating. Up to the 40th week, the primary assignment is the development of the lungs, as most other body parts and organs are prepared. The youngster begins creating essential invulnerabilities, and furthermore begins filling out to confront the external condition. By about the 39th week, the kid will be fit to be naturally introduced to this world. During pregnancy there are 3 trimesters. A trimester is alluded to as a three months time frame. Most normally, the primary trimester is characterized as from origination through week 14. The subsequent trimester is from week 14 through week 28. What's more, the third trimester is from week 28 through work and convey, which changes extensively however midpoints at week 40.

Communication in Health & Social Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Correspondence in Health and Social Care - Essay Example This paper will take a gander at correspondence in the wellbeing and social consideration zone and the calculate that influence correspondence this area. Elements that influence correspondence in wellbeing and social consideration region incorporate convictions and qualities. Specialist organizations should grasp social assorted variety so as to have the option to offer administrations. In the event that the parental figure doesn't know about social decent variety, it is difficult to impart viably. Parental figures ought to be capable in the information on culture. This is on the grounds that individuals in each culture have their convictions and qualities. In a spot where there is multiculturalism it might be hard to convey (Dickson, Hargie and Morrow, 1996). This calls for parental figures to be very much educated with regards to the way of life of individuals they are serving. Individuals observation and comprehension of heath and heath care process is created through their way of life and social qualities. Peoples’ thinking on wellbeing and social consideration depends on their convictions and qualities. In the United State s wellbeing and social consideration suppliers are associated into the way of life of their calling. They are prepared in the western logical or biomedical worldwide view (Argyle, 1994). This shows the experts to hold and acknowledge convictions, standards, and qualities. This is acceptable in light of the fact that the parental figures who realize their way of life can likewise acknowledge different people’s culture. The more a guardian is aware of their way of life the more they can acknowledge the patients’ world view. Convictions of individuals can influence their consistence with treatment, accordingly a human services supplier ought to consistently have the option to comprehend the convictions of a patient for the administration gave to be helpful. The parental figure should regard the patients’ convictions and not excuse their conventional practices. A few convictions can cause a patient to lose trust on the consideration supplier therefore losing partici pation required for effective recuperating and helpful relationship. For instance, convictions on home grown medication may make a

No Link Between Autism and Vaccination

As indicated by the World Health Organization and the American Psychological Association, chemical imbalance is a formative incapacity, showing itself before the age of three, and coming about because of a confusion of the focal apprehensive system.â The formative inability is determined to have the utilization of explicit rules for hindrances in the territories of correspondence, fundamental social collaboration, the premiums of influenced people, and their creative mind just as activities.â Autistic youngsters are known to be delayed at essential procedures like language procurement that sound kids are known to adapt rapidly (â€Å"Autism†). The reasons for mental imbalance are questionable, which is the reason it is workable for individuals to plan a large group of hypotheses on the reasons for this formative handicap (â€Å"Autism†). A British report distributed in February 1998 was confounded by innumerable individuals who accepted that the information gave verification that the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) antibody was answerable for chemical imbalance in children.â The investigation was directed by a group of thirteen researchers with Dr. Andrew Wakefield of Oxford University as the group chief. After it was found that guardians had started to fear the MMR immunization in light of the fact that a discussion had been pursued concerning the information introduced in their investigation, ten of the thirteen creators of the examination report made the accompanying explanation which was distributed on the BBC site: â€Å"We wish to clarify that in this paper no causal connection was built up between MMR antibody and mental imbalance, as the information were insufficient† (Jackson). The interest for immunization fell in the United Kingdom after the information in the previously mentioned investigation had been misconstrued, and the confused data had been publicized.â This implied youngsters could never again be shielded from measles, mumps, and rubella.â In point ofâ fact, it was discovered that a noteworthy number of families had completely abandoned the possibility of inoculation for their kids. A few guardians had selected single antibodies as opposed to the MMR at that point, yet wellbeing associations and the UK government cautioned that even single immunizations put kids in danger (Burke).â What is progressively, even a few specialists in the United States had started to accept that the MMR inoculation was answerable for autism.â Globalization had spread the gossip overseas.â According to Dr. Mary Megson from Virginia, The section of kids with â€Å"regressive autism,† the structure where kids create typically for a while then lose aptitudes and sink into chemical imbalance, most generally at 18-24 long periods old enough, is expanding at an extraordinary rate.â I am seeing a few youngsters in the equivalent family influenced, remembering for the most recent week four instances of â€Å"autistic regression† creating in four-year-old kids after their MMR and DPT vaccination.â before, this was incredible. The specialist from Virginia instructed that the usage concerning safe antibody strategies should turn into a main goal, seeing that immunization can't be avoided kids (Megson).â The specialist had accepted that there was unquestionably a connection among mental imbalance and vaccination.â As a self evident reality, numerous specialists accepted what Dr. Megson had believed.â This is on the grounds that the connection between MMR immunization and chemical imbalance was that of â€Å"coincidental-timing.†Ã¢ at the end of the day, the manifestations of mental imbalance started to happen around a similar time as the inoculation. Henceforth, guardians started to erroneously accept that the immunization was to be sure answerable for autism.â Dr. Ken Haller, who fills in as an essential consideration pediatrician with the Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital explainedâ the deception along these lines: â€Å"When something awful happens to a youngster, everybody needs a purpose behind it†¦Ã¢ As a doctor, it's exceptionally hard for me, when I see a child who's determined to have chemical imbalance or a seizure issue, to state we have no clue why this happened.â But individuals need to get a handle on onto something; that is human instinct. (Jackson)† The â€Å"insufficient† information in the examination directed by Dr. Wakefield and his partners couldn't discover a connection among chemical imbalance and vaccination.â So, two unique gatherings of examiners in the United States endeavored to see if there was genuinely a connection among mental imbalance and vaccination.â Dr. James A. Kaye and his partners at the Boston University utilized the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database to see if 254 young men experiencing mental imbalance in their examination were really enduring a result of MMR inoculation. Dr. Loring Dales and her partners at the California Department of Health Services in Berkeley played out a comparable report during the equivalent time.â Both of these examinations inevitably demonstrated that there is no connection at all among mental imbalance and vaccination.â The consequences of both of these investigations really indicated that while the utilization of inoculation stayed steady after some time, the instances of chemical imbalance expanded significantly among kids without immunization being answerable for the expansion (Kubetin). Despite the fact that it had just been obviously demonstrated that there is unquestionably no connection among chemical imbalance and inoculation, the created existence where the discussion on mental imbalance and immunization had been pursued was looking for a genuinely extensive examination to show whether there truly is a connection among mental imbalance and immunization, or not.â K. Madsen, A. Hvii, and M. Vestergaard report on precisely the sort of study that was being looked for lastly directed on Danish youngsters: This is the most immediate assessment of whether MMR causes mental imbalance distributed to date. Despite the fact that every epidemiological examination directed as of late have discovered no affiliation between the MMR immunization and beginning of mental imbalance, structure impediments have left some uncertainty about this issue.  This verifiable companion incorporated every Danish youngster conceived somewhere in the range of 1991 and 1998 at the point when predominance rates for mental imbalance and medically introverted range issue were expanding.  Because of the meticulousness of the Danish arrangement of enlistment, ascertainment of inoculation status and medical issues was astoundingly precise and complete.  Since the associate was made out of the whole populace, both immunized and unvaccinated kids had a similar danger of mental imbalance preceding introduction to the immunization.  Nearly all youngsters were represented toward the finish of the investigation that is all.  Specialists utilizing the equivalent symptomatic arrangement framework made the analysis of chemical imbalance in a uniform way. Almost certainly, this was the exhaustive examination with ‘sufficient data’ that guardians were looking for the outcomes of.â The structure of the investigation was for all intents and purposes immaculate.â above all, the investigation demonstrated by and by that there was no distinction in the danger of mental imbalance in the youngsters that were inoculated sections those that were not vaccinated.â Moreover, the cases considered as a feature of the examination were not grouped anytime after the immunization.â Madsen et al. report that the vault information that was utilized didn't contain data on youngsters that were experiencing formative regression.â Hence, the issue that there may be kids who demonstrate helplessness to immunization, couldn't be governed out.â If there is a gathering of such kids, the hazard for vaccinatedâ children would be more noteworthy than 1.â However, the inverse ended up being genuine †that is, there is unquestionably no danger of mental imbalance in kids particularly on account of inoculation. Since the size of the example of youngsters contemplated was remarkably huge, and there was no proof to show that there is a connection among chemical imbalance and immunization, Madsen et al. inferred that guardians ought to valiantly keep on inoculating their youngsters so as to stay away from future flare-ups of disease.â Given that guardians had already just confided in bogus understandings of the British investigation that had appeared to show a connection among chemical imbalance and immunization, it is presently time to surrender the deception entirely.â Science depends on genuine realities, which is the reason we as a whole trust logical data. We have been appeared through a few examinations that there is unquestionably no connection among mental imbalance and vaccination.â There have been more investigations of a similar kind with similar outcomes that we have not discussed.â Future examinations may comparatively show that there is no connection among chemical imbalance and vaccination.â Even in this way, guardians can't keep their youngsters from inoculation hanging tight for future investigations of a similar kind, producing the equivalent results.â The fate of kids is in question without vaccination.â The logical proof that has been discovered so far is adequate. Works Cited â€Å"Autism.† (2007). Wikipedia. Recovered from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism. (4 April 2007). Burke, Maria. â€Å"Every parent's decision? Mental imbalance and immunization †the jury's out.† Chemistry and Industry (2002, February 18). Jackson, Harry Jr. â€Å"Debate on chemical imbalance and immunization began after British clinical study.† St. Louis Post-Dispatch (2004, May 28). Kubetin, Sally Koch. â€Å"MMR Vaccination Not Tied to Rise in Autism Rate.† Clinical Psychiatry News (2001, July 1). Madson, K., A. Hvii, and M. Vestergaard. â€Å"There is little proof that consolidated inoculation against measles, mumps, and rubella is related with autism.† Evidence-Based Mental Health (2003, May 1). Megson, Mary. â€Å"Autism and Vaccinations.† The Weston A. Value Foundation (2004, March 16). Recovered from http://www.westonaprice.org/youngsters/index.html. (3 April 2007).   Â

Memory Analysis

Memory Analysis â€Å"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind† is an American romantic drama with elements of science fiction that gives insight into the procedure of memory erasing. The movie tells a story of two lovers who decided to erase each other from their memories. Joel Barish is a shy and not very successful man who meets eccentric and weird Clementine Kruczynski. Even though Joe and Clementine seem to have nothing in common, they start dating right away because of the attraction they feel towards each other. As it then becomes clear, they have already known each other before they decided to erase each other from their minds. After big scandal Clementine left Joel. She used the services of a company called Lacuna Inc to erase Joel from her memory. When he came to her book shop where she worked as a seller, she could not remember him. Having found that out, Joel felt himself emptied and decided to undergo the same procedure. The rest of the film happens mainly in mind of Joel. When the erasing process goes on, he finds out that he no longer wants to forget about Clementine forever. So Joel tries to hide her in remote parts of his subconscious so as not to erase all his memories of her and their relationships. In the end Joel and Clementine meet each other. Having found their records from Lacuna, they feel embarrassed since they do not remember each other clearly. The procedure of memory erasing which both Joel and Clementine underwent was in the following way described by the doctor to Joel, â€Å"Technically speaking, the procedure  is  brain damage. Its on a par with a night of heavy drinking, nothing youll miss†. Of course, nowadays it is not possible to get a certain person erased from your memory in a selective fashion. â€Å"Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind† gives reader a clue on the great difference between emotional experience and passive one. In â€Å"Reconsolidation: the advantage of being refocused† Dudai argues that long-term memory can be influenced and thus changed in the result of such an influence. He names the process of changing long-term memory â€Å"reconsolidation† as opposed to â€Å"consolidation† ― a process of transforming unstable short-term memory into more stable long-term one. He emphasizes that, contrary to consolidation, reconsolidation happens not in every case. According to Dudai, reconsolidation cannot be compared to memory erasing. In case of post re-consolidation amnesia, there still were typical behavioral attributes of extinction such as â€Å"context-dependant renewal, spontaneous recovery and unconditioned stimulus†(p.175). Reconsolidation can offer several possibilities which may even strengthen the memory. It is a selective process, so only specific segments of memory (the ones which are associated with fear) can become reactivated. Reconsolidation, as Dudai (2006) states, has its boundaries: trace dominance (â€Å"an ability of the association to control behavior after retrieval†) (p.175); age of memory (the older the memory, the more difficult it is to change it); reconsolidation has been mainly tested on animals and its effect on people is still unclear. According to Dudai (2006), feelings like pleasure or joy, grief or fear can be recalled by memories. However, the latter can be manipulated or disrupted when reconsolidated (p.174). I hold the view that in the movie Dr. Mierzwaik who held the erasing procedure, made the following: he made his patients forcefully recall things they wanted to forger in order to exterminate the emotional roots of the memory. When the roots were exterminated, the memory began to degrade. By and large, the procedure which Dr. Mierzwaik used was aimed at attacking memory systems at the same time so as to eradicate not only declarative memories, but also amygdale based emotional memories associated with them. So, when a person sleeps, in a dream state he can get access to his memory. This is a period which Dr. Merzwaik uses so as to erase the memory. His procedure is aimed at destroying memory and making sure it won’t be recalled in future. Kindt explains reconsolidation as reactivation of some memories that are associated with a certain stimuli. It has been found by Kindt (2009) that â€Å"that oral administration of the ÃŽ ²-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol before memory reactivation in humans erased the behavioral expression of the fear memory 24 h later and prevented the return of fear†(p.256). He also emphasizes that such an erase of memory can be done not only for people who have a certain fear memory, but also for people with drug addiction for extinction of drug memories and restoring control over drug cravings. According to Kindt (2009), â€Å"Real world memory altering drugs called Beta-blockers (e.g. Propanolol) invoke the closest process for dampening the stress response associated with a fear-based memory. They work by blocking the noradrenergic response during recall.   This decouples the emotional response from the memory over time, lessening the fear but leaving the recall of the memory intact† (p.256). It can be concluded from the research carried that this can be used for people with post-traumatic stress disorder. It can be concluded that even though beta-blockers can be successfully employed at dissociating fear response from a certain stimuli, this drug has not yet be proved effective in dissociating such traumas as loss of grief. According to Evars, beta-blockers can stop the action of stress hormones by reducing the emotional impact of disturbing memories or prevent their consolidation. Her research is aimed at people who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. According to Evars (2007), the brain can produce false images in some situations. But experience as a brain construct makes them true (p.139). Evars (2007) suggests a model where the brain is â€Å"an autonomously active, projective and variable system, in which emotions and values are incorporated as necessary constraints† (p.140). She gives emotions the leading role in formation of vivid images in the memory. Therefore in order to â€Å"erase† the memory, a person has to get rid of emotional response which he has to a certain memory. Evars proves beta-blockers to be successful at reconsolidation by destroying an emotional response. Nevertheless her experiments were carried out mainly on animals. Therefore long-term effect of beta-blockers on human memory is still to be under research as well as other methods of memory erasing. It can be concluded from the movie that every person who used services of Lacuna Inc. experienced emotional trauma associated with break-up. This, though, cannot be considered as post-traumatic stress disorder. However, Evars (2007) argues that â€Å"†¦the problem is not necessarily the memory itself, but the emotional response associated with its recall† (p.139). In â€Å"Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind† episodic memory is being erased (e.g. the episodic recall of a specific event in a particular place and time) because both Joel and Clementine erase memories about each other. In the movie erasing of memory is possible based on the scientific assumption that the nature of emotional memories greatly differs from the unemotional ones. Experiencing bad emotions, people can then feel their long-lasting effect on their memory. In â€Å"Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind† traumatic memories are stored in different places with other memories in the brain. To sum up, taking into account the scholarly sources which have been reviewed, the movie cannot be considered to be truly scientific for several reasons. Firstly, currently there are no such procedures which could erase memories about lovers with whom people broke-up. The real procedure is called reconsolidation, however, it deals with people who have post-traumatic stress disorder (people experience fear, not grief or loss). Secondly, nowadays there is no scientific method which would erase the memory about a certain person forever. Rather, only slight memory  enhancement  can be possible in the nearest future. Thirdly, the procedure of erasing memory would not be similar to the one described in the movie. It would rather be an ordinary pill like Prozac. Speaking of realistic and unrealistic details in â€Å"Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind†, realistic are the first ones that come on my mind. Procedure of erasing memory is possible, roughly speaking. It is also true that emotional memories are different from unemotional ones. The doctor uses the right method to erase the memory – he makes a selective erasure by triggering memories which he would like to erase. After the procedure Joel takes medicine that systematically re-triggers previously recorder memories. Soon those memories become erased. The basic procedure of memory erasing is, by and large, a bit similar to the process of reconsolidation. With a view to make the movie more true to current science life, I would change some details. Clementine and Joel would not break up. Instead, Joel would die and Clementine would grieve over him. Then she would have a post-traumatic stress syndrome and experience sense of fear every time she comes into the apartment where she lived together with Joel. She goes to the hospital where the doctor gives her a pill. She takes medicine several times in the course of several days to get her memories of Joel more unclear. After some time she would no longer be afraid to come in into their apartment.

Art, Literature And Society From 1955-1970 Essay examples

Fear and Loathing in a Clockwork AgeAh! The noble search for identity. That intangible achievement that all artists lust after and lay in torment over. And during the post war era that struggle reached incredible magnitudes. The world cried out for legions of anti-heroes, who were only virtuous in their unapologetic and brutally honest lack of virtue. And the art world provided as many counter culture messiahs as was needed to quot;Damn the Manquot;. The Beats, hippies, and punks are evidence that behind the white picket fence of suburbia lay an America that wanted more out of life than the sugar coated portrayals of domesticity and patriotism it received from pop culture. The unfortunate side of authenticity often lead to the†¦show more content†¦To the Beats the only solution to a life of domestic stagnation was to pack up and let life lead you down one winding road after another. There was a certain comfort in the unknown. Ambiguity turned survival into a triviality, while one could find the deepest meaning in chance and whimsy. When mere existence doesn’t seem to be guaranteed it’s the little moments of perfection that become one’s focus. No other Beat poet understood that concept as well as Jack Kerouac. quot;Jack Kerouac single handedly created the beat generation. Although Allen Ginsberg, Gregory Corso and William Burroughs Brought their separate and cumulative madness to the beat generation, it was Kerouac who was the Unifying Principle.quot;(Krim,p.4)While Kerouac certainly lived for the moment it would be missing the whole point of his work to claim that was just trying to get his kicks in before it was over. If anything, he eagerly awaited his termination. And found his solace in moments of pure tranquillity, since they were the closest he could come to the state he named the Golden Eternity, which he believed awaited him after death. 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Engel began her education at Sarnia Collegiate Institute Technical School in Sarnia, Ontario, and later continued on to complete a Bachelor of Arts at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. She graduated from McMaster in 1955 and without hesitation, enrolled in a Master’s program for Canadian Literature at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. Marian was a powerful activist for women’s rights over the years, writing books, short stories, and sharing her experiences withRead MoreAdrienne C. Rich : A Cultural Poet1905 Words   |  8 Pages in Grossberg’s terms thinks â€Å"conjunctively.† She expects poems to be a dialogue with people’s movement across the globe. Keywords: Ideological struggle, emancipation, liberation, conjunctively, socio-political and topical poetry, â€Å"a great work of art,† preoccupation with the have-nots in Rich’s writings, reprimands the imperialist masters. Introduction: Adrienne Cecile Rich (b. May 16, 1929—d. March 27, 2012) has been a major American poet, essayist, cultural critic, and avid activist. She wroteRead MoreHistory of Malayalam Cinema5498 Words   |  22 PagesCONTENTS * Kerala: the legacy of visual culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦2 * The early era (1907-1950s)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..3 * 1950s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦6 * 1960s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 * The Malayalam New Wave: 1970s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.10 * 1980s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 * Golden age of Malayalam Cinema†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...17 * 1990s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦19 * Early-mid 2000s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.20 * Late 2000s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.21 * 2010s to the present†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..21 * Actors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

The Difference Between Male And Female Penal Institutions

Global Issues: The difference between male and female penal institutions Review of Subject Prison classification is an important process in the U.S. correctional system and community corrections. Every state utilizes different types of classification instruments or methods to classify their inmates. Penal institutions in the U.S. have evolved tremendously in terms of procedures, decisions and classification. Studies from Clear et al. (2013) indicate that offenders in the United States, which consisted of men, women, and children, were all confined together in the same prison in the early 1800’s (p. 296). In our current era, correctional facilities for men and women, now have rehabilitative programs and modern identification systems that have the capability to measure â€Å"static risk factors such as criminal history or severity of current crime† (Christensen, 2008, p. 18). Modern correctional facilities do not mix the entire population of men, women, and children offenders in the same jail or prison, but rather, in separate correctional facilities with diffe rent levels of security and monitoring. This case study will briefly explore prison classifications between men and women in the U. S. correctional system. We will also examine why women prisoners are called the â€Å"forgotten offenders.† Discussion According to Clear et al. (2013), â€Å"State prisons for men are usually classified by using three security classifications-maximum, medium, and minimum† (p. 264). Similar studies fromShow MoreRelatedThe Constitutional Rights Of The United States909 Words   |  4 Pagesare like a three-pronged form of institutionalized sexism†, and the reasons are as follows: (1) women’s prisons are generally built further out causing inconveniences to friends and family; (2) they lack educational and vocation programs; and (3) female inmates are not separated and grouped by the seriousness of crime they have committed (e.g. violent offender is housed together with less violent offenders or the mentally ill) (p. 294). There are fewer correctional facilities for women in the UnitedRead MoreA Study on the Effectivity of the Philippine Prison System10770 Words   |  44 Pagesprisons, or penal institutions of the Philippines as a whole viewed from the vantage point so that it may be seen clearly and understood readily as it is organized. It should be distinguished from a penal system which may embrace or share of judicial process and may embody even the definition and application of laws and procedures, as well as critical dissertations on various penal theories and philosophies. B. History 1. Brief History of Prisons in General The prison, viewed as an institution for detainingRead MoreEssay on Foucaults Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison2301 Words   |  10 PagesFoucault’s book – Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison. This book deals with the disciplinary institutions and practices that emerged in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While discipline and punish is concerned with the birth of the prison in modern Europe, it has far wider implications for the everyday lives of ordinary citizens. Notions such as micro-power, disciplinary institutions, panopticism and normative judgements. Foucault developed this material through the research methodsRead MoreMale vs. Female Offenders2095 Words   |  9 Pagesworld is predominately male dominated. As the years go by, female incarceration levels have been rapidly increasing. The prisons in early days didn’t have to worry about dealing with two different types of inmates as there were not that many females incarcerated. While male and female inmates do have some similarities, they also have some distinct differences. The way they conduct themselves in prison are different; as are they way they interact with other inmates. Males typically ar e in prisonRead MoreSymbolic Interactionism, Functional Analysis, and Conflict Theory in the Film, Gran Torino1773 Words   |  7 Pagesdresses shows that they are Americans, but their grandfather does not like the way they behave during his wifes burial. The behaviors portrayed by the immigrants gangs show the glimpse picture of immigrants and societal unfairness. The interaction between Walt and the gangs show how powerful Americans are. Walt acts as a symbol of power when he goes to confront the gang in their house, he does not seem threatened by the gang who draws their weapons, and he does not find himself guilty of confrontingRead More Drugs in the Prison System Essay3203 Words   |  13 Pagesconsist of an analysis of the use and abuse of illicit drugs within the prison systems on a global basis. With information gathered from various sources such as the internet and one on one interviews with an inmate in a male correctional facility and a former inmate of a female correctional facility I intend to show the rampant flow of drugs in and out of the prison system, the control of (or lack there of) by prison officials, the drug gangs and dealers in correctional facilities, the rateRead MoreDrugs in Prison Essay3335 Words   |  14 Pagesconsist of an analysis of the use and abuse of illicit drugs within the prison systems on a global basis. With information gathered from various sources such as the internet and one on one interviews with an inmate in a male correctional facility and a former inmate of a female correctional facility I intend to show the rampant flow of drugs in and out of the prison system, the control of (or lack there of) by prison officials, the drug gangs and dealers in correctional facilities, the rateRead MoreSentencing Disparities And Race On Criminal Sentencing2644 Words   |  11 Pagesalone.† (Lee 2008). In 1988, the Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act (STEP ACT) was implemented to address the growing amount of gang crimes. The STEP Act was embedded under section 186.22 of the California Penal Code. (Yoshino 2008). Section 186.22 of California Penal Code has been used to impose mandatory minimum sentencing terms for crimes committed by individuals who â€Å"actively participate in any criminal street gang.† The STEP ACT has been associated with biased attitudes towardsRead MoreUnderstanding Emotional Differences between Male and Female Prisoners through Deficiency Theory and Importation Theory4979 Words   |  20 Pagesnoted how relationships of female inmates with additional inmates and staff are likely to be more private and to have more emotional components than those of ma les. The officers also recommended that female inmates take the reality of imprisonment more personally than males. This response seems to happen in response to disciplinary hearings and to officers giving instructions and reprimands. Officers state that women take things to heart (Ott, 2006) more than do males, which is an additional wayRead More Gender Politics in the Criminal Justice System Essay4043 Words   |  17 Pagesthe affect that the different waves of feminism have had on policies and practices towards women in this system. I plan to argue that the criminal justice system is another form of patriarchal control, a sexist organization which creates conflict between the private sphere of a womans life and the public. This control extends far beyond the just incarcerated women, it affects all women. Despite the fact that there have been changes to certain policies and prison regulations, though made with resistance

Auditor Fees and Auditor Independence

Question: Discuss about the Auditor Fees and Auditor Independence. Answer: Introduction The organizations surviving in the economic structure of different countries requires to analyze their business process from time to time in order to maintain a clean and just management and production function. Auditing is one of the major tools for evaluating and inspecting the quality and process system to comply with the needs of the organization. Auditing can be applicable to an entire firm or can be to a specific department or production step. This study is undertaken to find out the various potential threats to the independence of the auditors according to the various situations given in the study and to find out the remedies to these threats to safeguard the auditors interest (Leung et al.2015). The following conditions determine the various potential threats to the following cases: The auditor works for Green Pastures Ltd for a very long time and has a good knowledge about the client. From this situation, it is understood that the independent threat similar to this situation is the familiarity and complacency threat. The auditor has been working with these organizations for a very long time and thus there exists a familiarity between the organization and the audit firm. This familiarity withers away the sense of doubt and hesitation, which should exist within the auditor in order to find out the weaknesses of the firm (Koch, Weber and Wstemann 2012). Auditor in this case develops a sense of overconfidence about their knowledge about the firm. The long-term relationship among the two parties creates a satisfaction among the auditors and thus leads to underestimation of all the caution signs within the firm. It is advisable to bring in fresh and new auditor into the firm, which will be helpful for a better and efficient scrutiny. Still familiarity has the positiv e effects as it creates a better understanding about the clients which creates a better working (Blay and Geiger2013). The second situation refers to a person named Samuel Rose who is a part of an audit team, which audits the Saturn Ltd. After a few weeks of working with the client, he was offered a job by the above-mentioned organization. Samuel Rose was interested in the offer, as he had to join right after the completion of the present audit. This situation complies with the threat of management and employment. The auditor is different from the audit firm and this difference should be maintained. The threat becomes more complex when the present auditor of the firm is offered a job to perform a management role of the firm. In this situation, the Samuel Rose, the present auditor of the firm is employed to work for the organization. This creates a concern because the other member working in the audit team will be unwilling to criticize their former colleague. The second concern is that Samuel Rose being an ex employee of the audit team will have a good knowledge about their audit process and thus wil l be aware of their strengths and weaknesses. Samuel Rose will thus take advantage of this situation and try to give an advantage to the client. The third situation is about a major client named as Fresh Juices Ltd who wants the audit firm to act as a consultant to evaluate the entitys quality control about their product. The problem the audit team uses up the directors feel is that the staffs time by asking irrelevant questions. The independent threat related to this situation is the Economic bonding associated with Fresh Juices Ltd and the audit team. The income of the auditors depends on their clients as they earn a living by working for them. Thus the auditors always tries to keep their clients happy to maintain a healthy relation between them. The auditors also perform non- audit services like in this case surveying the staffs of the firm to compute the quality control of the firm. The auditors try and perform their task as mentioned to them to increase their income. This economic bond can act a threat to the independence of the auditors because these non-audit services performed by the auditors to earn lucrative incomes diminish their class of work in the audit services. The non- audit services performed by the auditors reduce the efficiency of their audit works (DeFond and Zhang 2014). The fourth situation refers to a client named Excelsior Ltd. The financial director Susan James retired and Steve Price who is also a long time friend of the audit manager Geoff Holmes replaced him. Geoff Holmes was also the best man in Steves wedding. The situation suggests that these two people are very closely connected and thus the threat associated with this situation is Social Bonding. There exists a long term friendship between the audit manager and the financial director of the organization. Thus the objectivity from the auditors side decreases. The biasness is grounded on the psychology theory and takes place due to close relationships and their interests cannot be separated from each other. The audit manager will be biased and his work of audit will not give out the original result. The last case concerned about My Super Ltd whose taxation work is rejected and has been referred to the Superannuation Complaints Tribunal and MSL. The threat concerned with this case is Litigation, which refers to the disputes between the taxation treatment of material amount, which led to the creation of a legal action where the organization has been asked to show its treatment to the concerned government body. The rejection of the taxation sheet will create a dispute between the auditors and the clients which can also be taken as far as the court (Porter, Simon and Hatherly 2014). The safeguards associated with the above threats are as follows: The application of a mandatory rotation policy about changing the auditor of a firm after a certain time span will eliminate the familiarity and complacency from the audit services. The appointment of a new auditor will give an efficient evaluation of the performance of the organization without any malpractice. The second threat can be eliminated by implementing the remedy to modify the selection process for the appointment of the management employees and the auditors, which makes them more liable to the shareholders and the management. The shareholders need to be given more power within the organization to directly appoint new employees and external auditors (Dhaliwal et al. 2015). The third situation can be controlled by limiting the non-audit services by the audit firms. A proper law needs to be passed to stop the non-audit services of the organization and thus increasing the efficiency of the audit services from the auditors providing a proper and just evaluation of the business process. The fourth situation can be stopped is by introducing the mechanism of better disclosure where the investors and the shareholders should be provided with proper knowledge about the people appointed and their economic dependence. The investors need to know the relation between the management and the auditors and their effects (DeFond and Zhang 2014). The process of market forces can reduce the last situation where there exists a lot of external auditors in the market and thus any client has the power to appoint any other auditor if there exists a dispute between the client and the auditors which can lead to any litigation. This situation can eliminate any discrepancy from the auditors side and they would work harder to exhibit higher audit standards (Koch, Weber and Wstemann 2012). Situation Threat Justification Safeguard Assessment of audit independence Audit practices for Green Pastures Ltd working for a long time and having a long term relationship Familiarity and Complacency The auditor has been working for the firm for a very long time and so has a good knowledge about the audit process and the business process Mandatory rotation rules The audit independence can be maintained by appointing new auditor into the firm which will provide a new outlook towards the weaknesses of the firm and will properly scrutinize the working process to make the organization more efficient. Samuel Rose an auditor auditing for Saturn Ltd has been offered job by Saturn Ltd Management and employment Samuel Rose has been working as an auditor and examining the process of Saturn Ltd, which led to the Saturn Ltd appointing him to the firm as he has good knowledge about the audit process. Modifying the Selection Process If the selection process is modified by giving some power to the shareholders to appoint their new employees and external auditors will lead to creation of just audit process and will increase efficiency Fresh Juice Ltd to review its quality control of its product has asked to evaluate the quality control process. The economic bond Fresh Juice Ltd to review its quality control has asked the audit team to evaluate this process and thus asking them to perform a non-audit service for the organization Limitation on the non-audit services. If the non-audit services of the organization are eliminated he performance of the auditors will be much more better for the audit services creating independence to the auditors. Steve Price was appointed as the new finance director after the retirement of Susan James. Mr. Price is also friend of the audit manager of the firm. Taxation sheet of material amount rejected by the tribunal Social Bond Litigation Having a close friendship between the auditor and finance director will create a sense of biasness among proceedings of the business and the work output will not be according the original proceedings of the business. A mistake in the tax sheet has led to its rejection in the Taxation office and thus has created a dispute between the auditors and the clients. Better Disclosure Market Forces The disclosure about the employment process of the organization will demonstrate a true working sense without any biasness in the business The availability of many external auditors in the market will create a competition for the auditors and thus increasing their standard of work and creating auditor independence. Table 1: Independence of Auditors (Source: Eilifsen et al. 2013) Conclusion The above study determines the various conditions, which arises in the normal economic market during the audit process and defines the various potential threats which affect the auditor independence and also the remedies which can be implemented to eliminate these threats and create a proper auditing practice. Reference List Blay, A.D. and Geiger, M.A., 2013. Auditor fees and auditor independence: Evidence from going concern reporting decisions.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.579-606. Carson, E., Fargher, N.L., Geiger, M.A., Lennox, C.S., Raghunandan, K. and Willekens, M., 2012. Audit reporting for going-concern uncertainty: A research synthesis.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), pp.353-384. Church, B.K., Jenkins, J.G., McCracken, S.A., Roush, P.B. and Stanley, J.D., 2014. Auditor independence in fact: Research, regulatory, and practice implications drawn from experimental and archival research.Accounting Horizons,29(1), pp.217-238. DeFond, M. and Zhang, J., 2014. A review of archival auditing research.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.275-326. Dhaliwal, D.S., Lamoreaux, P.T., Lennox, C.S. and Mauler, L.M., 2015. Management Influence on Auditor Selection and Subsequent Impairments of Auditor Independence during the Post SOX Period.Contemporary Accounting Research,32(2), pp.575-607. Dogui, K., Boiral, O. and Heras Saizarbitoria, I., 2014. Audit fees and auditor independence: The case of ISO 14001 certification.International Journal of Auditing,18(1), pp.14-26. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Koch, C., Weber, M. and Wstemann, J., 2012. Can auditors be independent? experimental evidence on the effects of client type.European Accounting Review,21(4), pp.797-823. Leung, P; Coram, P; Cooper, B; Richardson, P; Modern Auditing Assurance Services 2015; 6th Ed; Wiley Porter, B., Simon, J. and Hatherly, D., 2014.Principles of external auditing. John Wiley Sons.

Legalization of Abortion in Ecuador Essay Example

Legalization of Abortion in Ecuador Paper Abortion refers to the termination of pregnancy by natural or deliberate causes.  This termination of pregnancy constitutes an important choice to a woman that  has been raped and is pregnant: it does not only look after her life but also  guarantees a healthy recovery. For instance, the United Kingdom maintains its  laws of a legal abortion until the 24 weeks of pregnancy as long two registered  and official doctors agree based on the terms of the British 1967 Abortion Act. Following that example of that first-world country, a woman must have the  right to practice abortion when the continuance of the pregnancy would  involve risk to the life of the pregnant woman, or of injury to the physical  or mental health of the pregnant woman or any existing children of her  family, greater than if the pregnancy were terminated. Said this in other  terms, women must have the right to make abortions when raped. We will write a custom essay sample on Legalization of Abortion in Ecuador specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Legalization of Abortion in Ecuador specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Legalization of Abortion in Ecuador specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The first reason for this is that most laws or opinions against  legalizing abortion in Ecuador literally kills women. No matter how many  laws might be passed against abortion, they will not stop raped women from  making them in secret, without medical care and in truly dangerous  circumstances. According to statistics, of the 46 million abortions  occurring worldwide each year, 26 million take place in countries where  abortion is prohibited by law (Rosenbaum, 2012).

Powers of Base Ten From Trillions to Trillionths

Powers of Base Ten From Trillions to Trillionths What do you call different powers of ten and what are their values? It can be confusing when you read about billions, and then suddenly shift to billionths. Lets take a look at the values and names of the powers of ten. What Does a Power Mean? Exponents and ScientificNotation Raising a number to a power means that you multiply it by itself. The number itself would be that number to the power of one. When you multiply it by itself, it is now that number to the power of two. The power is designated as an exponent with a small superscript number following the number itself. Ten is an easy number to visualize with powers, as you can think of the exponent number as being the number of zeros to put behind the one. Ten to the zero power is 10 divided by 10, or 1 with no zeroes behind it, which equals one. Ten to the second power is a 1 followed by two zeroes, or 100. When you divide a number by itself more than once, the power (or exponent) value is negative. A -1 power means you have divided a number by itself twice (10/10/10) and a -2 power means you have divided a number by itself three times (10/10/10/10). In the case of 10, since 10 to the zero power is one, it is easier to think of one being divided 10 in the increments shown in the exponent. Powers of Ten Trillions 1012 1,000,000,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000,000,000 Billions 109 1,000,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000,000 Millions 106 1,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000 Hundred Thousands 105 100,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 100,000 Ten Thousands 104 10,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 10,000 Thousands 103 1,00010 x 10 x 10 1,000 Hundreds 102 10010 x 10 100 Tens 101 10 Ones 100 1 Tenths 10-1 1/1 1 1/101/10 0.1 Hundredths 10-2 1/102 1/1001/10/10 0.01 Thousandths 10-3 1/103Â   1/10001 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.001 Ten Thousandths 10-4 1/104 1/10,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.0001 Hundred Thousandths 10-5 1/105 1/100,0001 /10 /10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.00001 Millionths 10-6 1/106 1/1,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000001 Billionths 10-9 1/109 1/1,000,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000000001 Trillionths 10-12 1/1012 1/1,000,000,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000000001 See more names of numbers that are powers of ten, including the octillion, googol, and googolplex. Lessons With Powers of Ten Powers of Ten Multiplication Worksheets: See worksheets you can use to practice multiplying two- and three-digit numbers by different powers of ten. These seven worksheet variations can be used to practice multiplication. Each sheet has 20 numbers and asks you to multiply them by 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 or 100,000. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managment - Essay Example They put the responsibility for the overall running of the organisation in the hands of the senior management and the CEO, rather than allowing the organisation to run itself. When Richard Branson started the Virgin Group, he would have worked with his colleagues to physically run the business, including selling goods to customers (F19), procuring supplies to sell (E15) and managing budgets (E1). As a CEO, he should be responsible for the overall management of the group. However, although he clearly undertakes some aspects of group management, such as developing and exemplifying the culture at Virgin (B9), encouraging innovation (C3) and raising additional finance for business ventures (E3), he does not get involved in the day-to-day running of the organisation, even at CEO level. Branson has the ideas and the ability to spot emerging trends, but he hires the best people to analyse the situation, set up any new ventures and then run them. Such an approach allows everyone to play to their strengths, while allowing Branson to live what appears to be an eccentric lifestyle involving various stunts that also allow him to promote the Virgin brand around the wo rld. He is an unconventional CEO who carves out his own path rather than following others. When Virgin look to enter a new market, they assess the strategies of those already present, then look to add value by focusing on quality rather than cost. Virgin Atlantic does not compete with low-cost carriers, prefering to keep costs reasonable and service exceptional. They provide additional benefits and look for synergies with other Virgin businesses. Branson looks at industry and commerce as a whole, picking out where there is poor customer service or where a good customer service does not provide what customers want. This could be classified as diversification (Ansoff’s Matrix, 1988, in Johnson et al 2008) as well as â€Å"overcoming competitors’ bases of strategic

International Human resources management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Human resources management - Essay Example II. LITERATURE REVIEW i. Provides what other researchers have discussed about the factors taken into considerations before setting wage such as setting the wage high in order to motivate and attract good labor force. ii. Labor market conditions or the bargaining power of employees or existing laws of labor unions can influence wage payment. iii. The empirical research carried out provided the theoretical prediction that the bargaining wage tends to be lower in places where there are high rate of unemployment. III. FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN SETTING THE WAGES a) British expatriate managers and engineers i. Availability of expatriate managers and engineers capable of fulfilling the obligations and responsibilities of the job ii. Determining the level of job demand for prospective employees or unemployment level in a certain country iii. Employment setting and organizational needs. b) Local manager’s engineers and manufacturing staff i. The wage compensation laws prevailing in a give n area and the attractiveness of the community ii. The cost of living and benefits that the company would realize iii. Performing job evaluation IV. CONCLUSION i. Provides the summary of the factors that IHRM should take into considerations before setting wage payment International Human Resources Management Introduction The International human resource directors and other top management teams of multinational companies have nowadays realized that globalization is the most critical problems many multinational enterprises are facing today. They also acknowledge that it has become difficult to determine the internalization strategies and factors that they will employ in setting wages for their employees. The IHRM director of a British Multi-National Food Processing Company, which is now planning to open new sites in Australia, Russia and India need to evaluate effective factors for setting wage payment for their employees. Many companies get stuck in the job evaluation process because of the complexity nature of job evaluation process. Many grading and wage payment structures for varied employment aspects have evolved over time and this can be hard for IHRM director to justify why one job is graded or paid higher than the other job. It is vital to employ unique methods for job evaluation, identify effective factors for setting wage payment of expatriate managers, engineers, manager’s engenders and manufacturing staffs. Therefore, before determining wage payment of employees, it is crucial to determine the organizational needs by carrying out job evaluation, job relevant skills, work experience for applicants and understand the economic conditions of the region in which the company will function. Literature Review Many multinational companies evaluate varied factors before making a decision of what to pay the new recruited employees. Thus, varied literatures have attempted to reveal the way many companies carry out labor evaluation process or employ varied factors when setting the wages for their employees. When setting the level of monetary compensation of employees, one need to take into consideration varied factors. Snell and Bohlander (2010, p. 121) argue that one of the first factors that should be taken into considerations when setting wage is setting the wage high in order to motivate and attract good labor force. The wage should be equitable meaning that it should accurately reflect the value of the labor performance. Sparrow, Brewster and Harris 2004, p.49)

How the emotion affects the person Essay Example for Free

How the emotion affects the person Essay In the modern world, emotions play such a large role in almost everything people do, it is hard to make a decision which will get the most desirable results. It is true, however it is looked upon, that decisions and choices are mainly made by the emotion that the person is feeling towards the topic. A kind person will go join the Peace Corps and help aide the poor and starving, while a person with no pity towards much of anything will not care enough to do something of that nature. Pity is one of the key emotions in making decisions. If someone feels sorry for another individual, they are much more likely to go out of their way to help this person. Whether it is from dropping a few coins into a beggars cup, or just helping out a friend, people have to go out of their way because of pity. Pity is more than a simple emotion which can lead people do to things for others, however. It can bring upon new feelings within an individual and help them to achieve a higher level of consciousness. Decisions are intertwined with everyone in the worlds lives, and if they do not begin to see the reasons behind their decisions, it could have devastating results. Pity towards an individual can have an effect on almost everything in the world. Whether it is bargaining for the price of clothing, to giving money to a poor person, there can be all kinds of changes depending on a persons circumstance. This, however, is not a good thing because there are always people in the world who do not care about others and can con someone and take advantage of them. Although pity can be good or bad, it is mainly shown as a sign of weakness in a person. It can make someone decide to do irrational things for another and bring them in danger. People say that having a ruthless leader would be bad, but they are wrong because being ruthless does not mean being evil or mean, it just means knowing that feelings cannot get in the way of decisions. Emotions are much more than influences in our decisions, however. They play a key role is almost everything in the world. If there was no emotion in any novels or movies or anything of that nature, how would we be able to enjoy life? Music is basically an extension from our own human emotions, and that is why music can be integrated in much of our situations of life. In movies, it would not sound right if a swinging beat was used in a war scene, or vice  versa. Thus, it is simple to say that emotions do play a role in our lives. The effects of emotions in our lives can vary from person to person, but no matter how hard someone tries, they cannot escape having and feeling these things. Whether it is good or bad, choices are made depending on the emotions involved in the consequences. Pity is one of the major feelings dealt with when faced with a decision about another individual. Are they poor? In need of help? These are both basic questions that are asked to oneself when deciding on what to do in a situation. Although it is impossible to stay out of the grasp of emotions, it is very possible to realize the effects of them, and make decisions based upon the knowledge at hand.

Leonardo Da Vinci :: essays research papers

It was the period of the renaissance when Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452. Leonardo was born a farmhouse in Anchiano, which is 2 Â ½ miles away from Vinci. The family of Leonardo lived in this area since the 13th century. The father of Leonardo da Vinci, Ser Piero, was 25 years old; he was a public notary when Leonardo was born. The mother of Leonardo was called Catarina. Her first name is all what is known today. The Baptismal chapel in Vinci is where Leonardo was christened. Leonardo was christened from the name Piero da Bartholomew to the name Lionardo not Leonardo. The chapel is inside the church of Vinci. The church beside the castle of Vinci are formed the skyline of his town. Leonardo lived in Anchiano for five years until he settled to Vinci. Vinci is a small town, placed at the foot of Monte Albano. From this time he was member of his fathers family, but he was never considered born to his mother and father. In Vinci Leonardo went to school. It was told that teachers of Leonardo da Vinci were despaired about all the questions and doubts of Leonardo. Leonardo learned at school to read write and mathematics. He also learned geometry and Latin. Later Leonardo tried to improve his knowledge in Latin, because he thought that he didn't learn enough Latin in school. This may be the reason why Leonardo did his notes in Italian. Leonardo lived in Vinci until 1466. With the age of 14 Leonardo moved to Florence where he began to work in the workshop of Verrocchio. Verrocchio was at this time the most gifted artist in Florence. He was a sculptor, painter, goldsmith, bronze caster and more. Verrocchio had a lot of influence on Leonardo. Verrocchio was fascinated by the drawings of Leonardo so he gave him a place in his workshop. Leonardo worked at the workshop of Verrocchio with some other famous artists like Botticelli. Leonardo started working with mixing of colors and then he painted simple parts of paintings. There are no works of Leonardo known between 1466 and 1472, but Leonardo taught himself to paint in oils at this time. In June 1472 Leonardo was listed in the red book of painters from Florence. With the membership in the painters’ guild of Florence ended the apprenticeship of Leonardo.

Church, Home, Household, Family Essay

It is written in the bible that every house is built by some man but all things are built by God. These words seem to compare the ordinary material house built by man with the great universe of God. This thought was present in the writers mind when he wrote this verse down. The writer remembered that the creative power that is exhibited in every conception of mortal wit and mortal hands presupposes a mightier creative power of which it is derived. If one is to follow the thought of any structure through the hands that built it to the mind of the one who devised and suggested it, one is bound to arrive at last to the Mind which separated light from the darkness and firm land from water. The word house does not only imply a collection of timber and stones, it reminds every individual of the household. To build a house is synonymous with building a family. Every house is built by a particular man but God built all things. Every family has a founder, an individual to whom its origin it refers. Each member of the family feels that their relationship with it is more precious to them in every way than their relationship with the material goods or grounds which are at their possession (Clinton, 1990). They only delight in talking about the goods or grounds as an inheritance. If it was purchased, they trust that those who come after them will inherit it. The ground for national life has been the existence of this feeling of family and its preservation. Wise legislators and moralists have desired to cultivate this conception and feeling and any causes which may have threatened it have seen the certain presages of destruction to laws, morals, and social order. If this family order is of such great importance, can it be assumed that it has no foundation like the one possessed by all creation of man? Does a universal family, which is implied by the presence of particular families, exist? Can it be said that a particular family is founded by God, just like a particular family is founded by man? The whole of the human race belong to God, just like the rest of creation but man is bestowed with greater capacities. Through the scriptures, God revealed to man his purpose and the institution of the church was meant to further this purpose. The church has been identified with dispatching moral codes as required by the scriptures to the most basic of the human associations, the family. As such, the church has had an important role to play in the lives of individuals as well as the moral being of a society. This has however changed with changes in the family structure and the constitution of the church. The role of the church has shifted so much and the society itself has changed. Immorality has been the order of the day and very few individuals see the churches as divine institutions. The relationship between the church and the family has weakened during the modern times and this has led to much moral decay. However, the actual reason why there contemporary society has decayed morally is a subject of much contention and social scientists, religious and secular moralists seem to attribute this phenomenon to various aspects of human nature. What is apparent though is that the relationship between the family and the church has changed and many individuals view the church with much suspicion. The main question that this paper deals with is whether the current moral decay can be attributed to the withering relationship between the family and the church. This paper looks at various materials, both religious and secular in an attempt to answer this question. It particularly argues that even though there are some, other factors which can be attributed to the societal moral decay, the major factor is the deterioration of the family in the church. The church has served very important function in the society, a function which is today becoming obsolete. The family on the other hand has ceased to play the role which it was meant to play traditionally and hence, children grow up with loose values which make them become delinquent youths with no restraint. Families are also so much absorbed into looking for sustenance in this materialistic era to the extent that parents have forgotten that it is their responsibility to pass values to their kids. Very few people no longer have time to go to church as most parents work overtime. These, together with some other factors, have contributed to the decaying morals within the society. It can therefore be said that the failure of families to actively participate in church has partly led to this phenomenon. Men should seek the right way of carrying on their duties as this world belongs to God and he did not leave men to stray. He chose the institution of the church to dispatch the necessary and vital moral codes to the human race. Church as a guide to Humans God chose the church as an instrument through which he can do His work on Earth during the time between the first and second coming of Christ, a period marked with Christ’s physical absence. The church is seen as the body of Christ on Earth and is thus meant to complete the work that he begun in his physical body. As such, the church is the messenger of God on Earth meant to spread the gospel of Christ to the human race. However, in recent times, the human race is characterized by anti-church thinking as many people who claim to be Christians have abandoned the church. The impact has been felt especially in families. The basic human institution is suffering now more than ever. There are increased incidences of absent fathers and single mothers, abandoned children and increased rate of divorce. People have moved away from the church. Many individuals think in terms of themselves and Jesus, a relationship that excludes the Church. Others on the other hand view organized religion as a form of evil. Some modern day prophecy teachers view the church as some kind of emergency measure that has been put by God until he institutes his true Kingdom. None of these views is however correct. The importance of the church cannot be overlooked. It is the kingdom of God in the present time and every individual must actively participate in it. It has been observed that individuals who actively participate in church are healthier than individuals who hardly participate. These individuals observe high moral standards as compared to those who often do not participate in church. The lifestyle of Christians encourages healthy habits and attitudes which have positive effects on the overall morality. When one develops a Christian attitude, it becomes difficult for negative emotions to influence his or her way of life. It is clear that the task of Jesus was to draw men towards God and thus the church was to continue in this task. The teachings of Jesus were of high moral worth and these are what have been taught by the churches. As such, it is important that every family goes to church so as to acquire those values that Jesus Christ worked to reveal to human beings. With a negative attitude towards the church, it becomes difficult for any moral principles to be furthered as men are naturally inclined towards evil. However, there are some arguments to the effect that men have the capacity to be moral regardless of whether they go to church or not. Church and Family: Historical Background A new pattern of relationship between religion and family was ushered in by the reformation. It was required that an individual make a voluntary and personal decision to embrace the official doctrines of a particular church and to take part in its formal ritual instead of being seen as part of a religion simply because one is a member of a particular family, village or ethnic group. Protestantism thus brought about a shift from community cult to that which one automatically belonged to a religious community by virtue of birth. These were constituted through and by the association and congregation of individuals in reaction to religious messages. There were risks that this associational model posed, both for the family and the church. Voluntary associations are often dynamic since people adopt and abandon group loyalties. Individuals may opt not to join the church which may result into members splitting and forming sects. The family thus lost the assurance that their children would be part of the same religious system as the parents and other adult relatives. These worries are more intense in the present time among the families that still participate actively in church. Both the church and the family thus devised a mutually beneficial sharing of roles. The parents’ role was to socialize their children so that they may be able to make personal decision for Christ and also to encourage one another in living out their own religious commitment. The role of the church on the other hand was to aid the family in this endeavor by supplying the structures and activities. The nuclear family was thus the mode through which protestant voluntarism was filtered rather than through a larger clan or ethnic grouping. A mutual relationship thus existed between the church and the family within the protestant community. The churches were to aid families to have healthy relationships and to raise well disciplined and religious children. Families on the other hand were expected to teach the children the doctrines of the church. This mutual relationship that existed between the family and the church was formalized in the Pretest ant America during the 1950s in the theory of Talcott Parsons. According to Parsons, the modern society had grown to become institutionally differentiated with the public fulfilling much of the roles that were traditionally under the sphere of the family. The basic role of the family had become expressive: satisfying emotional needs of its members, training the succeeding generation of the required values and discipline and comforting its members from the frustration got from the public arena. The family’s childrearing practice provides the mental model or plausibility structure which enables the children to become productive members of the society if these practices are internalized. Religion is thus assigned the status of home in the modern times understood as the abiding place of an individual’s affection rather than the physical space of the household. Love, expression, intimacy, subjectivity, irrationality, morality, spirituality and religion are all found within the sphere of home. According to Parson, the Church no longer had any direct influence on the values of the larger society. It could however assert indirect influence in aiding the parents to socialize their children and to achieve emotional satisfaction with each other (Parsons, 1960). This role is relevant in the modern society with its extensive impersonal government and industrial bureaucracies. The major function of the church and the family is thus to provide a lead in ascertaining a moral and just society through their teachings and practices. These theories have however been questioned by social scientists. Social scientists are doubtful of whether values and valued behavior are transmitted to the next generations by the church through the family. They also doubt whether family and churches should mediate community and intimacy in a dynamic and large scale society. This conception of church and church as havens from the contemporary society leads to three powerful by misleading conclusion. First, that modernity destroys the community morally; second, that the family and church have not been permeated by the larger cultural reorganizing process; and third, that the family and the church provide protection from the negative consequences of change (Green et al, 1823). The family and the church have dramatically changed according to these critics and the major question is the extent to which they will continue to satisfy this mutual bargain of protecting and passing on religious values and beliefs. The family has undergone dramatic changes over the last few decades. Today, the family is not what it used to be traditionally. Many couples are living together without marriage, many children are being raised by single parents, there is an increase in the rate of divorce and many individuals hardly ever live in families. Couples are having fewer children. Married women with young children are also likely to be working outside the home and quite a large percentage of preschool children are being taken care of outside the home. The marriage age has also gone up with quite a majority opting not to marry at all. Most families are being headed by single parents, in most cases the mother. These have been attributed to the effects of industrialization and modernity. In simple terms, the family of today is different from the family of the past decades. The question that one is bound to ask is the extent to which the church has adapted to these changes. This issue is complicated further by the fact that churches have also changed. The increased institutional fragmentation of the American society and the emergence of expressive individualism in the United States culture are among the causes of these changes (Conner, 2007). Another occurrence is the second de-establishment where each sphere of institution had developed its own set of normative system. Religion has thus become a means of personal fulfillment and integration owing to this isolation from any meaningful political, economic or moral responsibility within the public sphere. The power and authority of the church over the society has been lost (Carter, 2001). It has also lost its power and authority over individuals in the society and even over the people within it, the majority of whom can be described as in the church but not of the church. The church has thus become an institution of service which functions to help individuals achieve authenticity and transcendental subjectivity. Very few American Protestants have complete allegiance to a specific denomination. It has been found that individuals who marry and get children are more likely to increase their religious participation. Marriage may neutralize other factors which may result in disaffiliation. With this regard, the church and the family may be considered to have some form of link. This link may help in raising a moral society through active participation in church. Every individual belongs to a particular family and if these families can adopt the teachings of the church then moral decay cannot reach the levels that are seen today.

A Warrior And Knight s Clash With God - 877 Words

A Warrior and Knight’s Clash with God As the world continues to turn, people’s ideologies and values change as the time wears on. In the novels, Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, show the stark contrast and minor similarities between the value of Christianity during the early and high middle ages. Analyzing how the role of God influenced each of the hero’s daily lives and what modern historians know about that role, provide a deeper understand. In the early middle ages, the Christian faith played a rather minor role for members of Germanic and other tribes. The reason for this is due to the fact that when these men and women were conquered, the mentality was convert or be killed. If the chieftain switched from paganism to Christianity, his entire community would likely change as well. Pagans also are brought up, â€Å"They prayed aloud, promising sometimes on the altars of their idols unholy sacrifices if the Slayer of souls would send relief to the s uffering people.† However, converting officially to please the conquers, did not mean they were active in the faith. This is shown in Beowulf. Religion plays a minor part and is only brought up to justify a wrong action such as saying it is God’s will. There is however, a brief look into the idea of life after death and salvation when Beowulf is about to die. It states, â€Å"He well knew that he had come to the end of his allotted days, his earthly happiness; all the number of his days had disappeared: death was veryShow MoreRelated A Comparison of Perfection in Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight1077 Words   |  5 PagesPerfection in Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The heroes of both Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight are fighters. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers